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The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) framework sets the standards for learning, development and care for children from birth to five years old in England. It ensures that all children receive a strong foundation for future learning in a safe and supportive environment.
You can read the full statutory framework here:
đź”— https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/early-years-foundation-stage-framework--2
One of the three prime areas of the EYFS is physical development. This area plays a vital role in children’s health, wellbeing and ability to engage confidently with the world around them.
What is physical development in EYFS?
Physical development focuses on how children grow in strength, coordination and control of movement. It includes both gross motor skills, such as running and jumping, and fine motor skills, such as holding a pencil or using tools.
It also supports children in developing independence and healthy habits, including physical activity, self-care and awareness of their bodies.
In early years settings, physical development happens continuously. It is not limited to planned activities but is embedded in everyday routines.
Why physical development is so important
Physical development underpins many other areas of learning. When children can move confidently and control their bodies, they are better able to explore, communicate and engage with others.
The Education Endowment Foundation highlights the importance of early development, including physical skills, in improving outcomes for young children:
đź”— https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/education-evidence/early-years-toolkit
Two key elements are central to this:
- Core strength – supports stability and control of movement
- Coordination – enables different parts of the body to work together smoothly
These skills are essential not only for movement, but also for writing, drawing and early communication.
Early Learning Goals for physical development
At the end of the Reception year, children are assessed against the EYFS Early Learning Goals.
Physical development is divided into gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
Children working at the expected level will move confidently and safely, showing balance, strength and coordination. They will also demonstrate control in smaller movements, including holding a pencil correctly and using tools effectively.
How physical development looks in practice
In a high-quality early years setting, physical development is woven throughout the day. Children should have regular opportunities to move, explore and develop their skills both indoors and outdoors.
Guidance from the Department for Education emphasises the importance of active play and movement in early years provision:
đź”— https://help-for-early-years-providers.education.gov.uk/get-help-to-improve-your-practice/physical-development
A balanced approach is key. Child-led play allows children to explore movement naturally and build confidence, while adult-led activities help target specific skills and support progression.
Activities that support physical development
There are many effective ways to support physical development through play and everyday experiences. The most impactful activities include:
- Obstacle courses and outdoor play to build strength and coordination
- Dancing and movement games to develop balance and control
- Playdough, drawing and crafts to strengthen fine motor skills
- Simple cooking activities involving mixing, pouring and squeezing
The Department for Education provides practical examples of how to support physical development in EYFS settings:
Promoting healthy, active lifestyles
Physical development is closely linked to children’s overall health and wellbeing. Early years settings play a key role in helping children develop positive habits from a young age.
The UK Chief Medical Officers’ guidance recommends that young children should be physically active for at least three hours a day:
Encouraging independence, such as dressing, feeding and personal care, also supports both physical development and confidence.
Bringing it all together
Physical development is a fundamental part of the EYFS and acts as a foundation for many other areas of learning.
By supporting children to develop strength, coordination and confidence in movement, early years practitioners help them build the skills they need for school and beyond.
Creating opportunities for active play, providing a supportive environment and encouraging healthy habits all contribute to positive outcomes.
When physical development is prioritised, children are better equipped to explore, learn and thrive
